Elections that kept power in the same hands: Africa 2025 in review

The year 2025 marked a significant period of electoral activity across Africa, with several countries holding presidential elections. This article provides an overview of these elections, focusing on the processes and outcomes that shaped the political landscape.

Gabon: Transition from Military to Civilian Rule

In April 2025, Gabon held a presidential election that concluded with former general Brice Oligui Nguema, who led a 2023 coup, securing victory. This election formally ended the transition period and returned the country to civilian rule. The outcome was interpreted by some as a legitimization of military power through the electoral process.

Malawi: Competitive Electoral Environment

Malawi's election in September was characterized by high voter turnout and an unpredictable contest. Incumbent President Lazarus Chakwera faced a challenging electoral race focused on economic issues. This election reinforced Malawi's reputation as a competitive democracy in Southern Africa.

The presidential election in Seychelles proceeded to a runoff after President Wavel Ramkalawan failed to achieve a majority in the initial round. This event underscored the political pluralism present in the island nation, contrasting with the landslide victories seen in other African countries during the year.

In October, President Paul Biya, aged 92, was re-elected, extending his long-standing presidency. The election occurred amidst voter apathy and opposition challenges, demonstrating the continuation of existing power structures in Cameroon.

Ivory Coast: Political Stability and Exclusion

President Alassane Ouattara won a fourth term in October, following the exclusion of several opposition figures. While the election process was defended as constitutional, it prompted discussions on political competition and inclusivity.

In Tanzania, President Samia Suluhu Hassan achieved a significant electoral victory. This result, however, was set against allegations of opposition restrictions, raising questions about the political environment's openness.

Guinea held its first presidential election since the 2021 coup in December. The election marked a transition towards civilian governance, with junta leader Mamadi Doumbouya expected to win, highlighting issues of democratic legitimacy.

Central African Republic: Constitutional Changes

In December, the Central African Republic conducted elections following constitutional amendments allowing President Faustin-Archange Touadéra to seek another term. The election focused attention on how legal reforms can impact term limits and political power.

The 2025 elections across Africa highlighted a tension between democratic processes and the concentration of power. While elections were held in multiple countries, the results often reflected existing power dynamics, with incumbents and entrenched leaders maintaining dominance. The influence of military figures in transitioning to civilian roles further blurred the lines between authoritarian rule and democratic legitimacy. Future elections will need to address these challenges to enhance democratic practices on the continent.

Based on reporting by Africanews.