News|Sudan warSudan’s war displaced crisis peaks as millions eye return to ruined homesKhartoum faces the world’s largest internal displacement crisis, yet a fragile trend of return is emerging, despite shattered infrastructure.

Sudan is currently experiencing the largest internal displacement crisis globally, with approximately 14 million individuals forced from their homes, according to the United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR). This situation is part of a broader global increase in forced displacement, with over 122 million people displaced worldwide by mid-2025.

While global displacement numbers have slightly declined, the situation in certain regions remains severe. The conflict between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), since April 2023, continues to strain infrastructure across Sudan. Similarly, the Gaza Strip faces significant displacement, affecting nearly two million people due to ongoing conflict.

In Gaza, the destruction has left 90 percent of homes and infrastructure unusable, according to Adnan Abu Hasna, media adviser for the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA). Conflicts in Syria and Yemen also continue to contribute to high displacement figures, with 12 million displaced in Syria and over five million in Yemen.

Khartoum serves as a case study in the dynamics of return, following the recent resumption of government operations. The government’s return is seen as a potential signal of stability. This has prompted some residents to return, with the expectation of enhanced security and a reduction in negative phenomena due to increased population presence.

However, infrastructure challenges are considerable. Efforts to rehabilitate essential services, including water and power distribution, are ongoing. Authorities are also promoting the use of solar energy to address power shortages.

For many displaced individuals, the decision to return is driven by emotional connections rather than practicality. Despite significant challenges, communities are gradually rebuilding social structures and adapting to resource shortages through grassroots initiatives.

Sustainable reintegration requires several key factors:

Security: A trusted leadership to organize resettlement and maintain order. Shelter: Provision of safe temporary accommodations. Essentials: Access to food and clean water. Power: Reliable electricity is crucial for economic stability.

The resilience of returnees in Sudan is currently being tested as they attempt to rebuild amidst ongoing challenges. The sustainability of their return will depend on addressing these fundamental needs.

Based on reporting by Al Jazeera.