Why old Presidents still win: generational tensions after Cameroon and Ivory Coast votes

Political Leadership in Africa: Presidential Elections in Cameroon and Ivory Coast

In October 2025, the presidential elections in Cameroon and Ivory Coast resulted in extended mandates for incumbent leaders Paul Biya and Alassane Ouattara, respectively. Both leaders, aged in their 80s and 90s, have secured additional terms amidst discussions on generational leadership gaps.

Paul Biya, aged 92, won Cameroon's presidential election with 53.66% of the vote, securing an eighth term in office. Allegations of electoral fraud by his main opponent and subsequent protests have marked the political atmosphere in the country.

In Ivory Coast, Alassane Ouattara, aged 83, was re-elected with 89.77% of the vote. The election process faced scrutiny due to the exclusion of major opposition figures, raising questions regarding the competitiveness and fairness of the electoral process.

Cameroon and Ivory Coast have median population ages of 18 and 19, respectively, contrasting sharply with the age of their leaders. This disparity highlights a broader generational tension, as younger populations express discontent with the aging leadership.

Social media platforms have become key outlets for expressing dissatisfaction, with digital movements calling for fair elections and generational change. Youth-driven protests in major cities reflect a demand for leadership that aligns with the demographics and priorities of the younger generation.

Aging leadership is not unique to Africa. Leaders in various countries, including China and Russia, have maintained power well into their later years. However, Africa's situation is distinguished by a significant age gap and limited political opposition, complicating prospects for generational change.

Factors Contributing to Leadership Longevity

Influence over electoral processes and state institutions Legal frameworks and constitutional amendments allowing extended terms Support for continuity amidst historical civil unrest Weak political alternatives and disqualification of opposition figures

This combination of factors enables leaders like Biya and Ouattara to maintain their positions, despite growing youth frustration.

The ongoing generational tension is likely to persist as Africa's median age remains low. Discussions on leadership renewal and generational representation are becoming increasingly relevant to the continent's political landscape.

The outcomes of these elections underscore a broader narrative of political continuity over generational change. The direction young Africans choose to take in response will shape the political future of the continent in the coming years.

Based on reporting by Africanews.